Psychometric Evaluation of the Hungarian Adaptation of the Diabetes Distress Scale in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background and Purpose: Diabetes-specific distress (DD) is a crucial predictor of patients' self-care, necessitating reliable screening tools. The Diabetes Distress Scale captures typical sources of patients' distress effectively. Methods: The Hungarian Diabetes Distress Scale (HDDS) was employed in two studies with 450 type 2 diabetes patients. Study 1 explored DD's link to the specific quality of life, while study 2 examined its associations with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and illness perception. We evaluated HDDS's construct validity, internal consistency, and intercorrelations. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were analyzed in the second study. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses validated HDDS's structure. Subscales exhibited strong internal consistency and correlated as expected with quality of life, anxiety, depression, illness perception, and demographic/medical data. Conclusions: The Hungarian DDS demonstrates robust psychometric properties, affirming its reliability and validity.

The role of excitement and enjoyment through subjective evaluation of horror film scenes.

The popularity of the horror genre is constantly increasing and still has not reached its peak. As a recreational activity, people watch horror movies in pursuit of excitement and enjoyment. However, we still do not know what traits make people seek out this type of increase in arousal (excitement) and why they find it desirable (enjoyment). Consequently, in this study, we sought to identify observer-related factors that allows consumption of horror content as a recreational activity. Participants (N = 558) answered questions about movie-watching habits, completed measures of cognitive emotion regulation, sensation seeking, paranormal beliefs, morbid curiosity, disgust sensitivity, and rated short scenes from horror movies on dimensions of excitement, enjoyment, disgust, fearfulness, and realness. Our findings suggest that the predictors of excitement and enjoyment are slightly different. Perceived disgust negatively affected enjoyment but did not influence to excitement. Further, both excitement and enjoyment were positively predicted by fearfulness and realness ratings of the scenes, and morbid curiosity. Paranormal beliefs, sensation seeking, disgust sensitivity, anxiety, and emotion regulation strategies were not associated with excitement and enjoyment. Future studies should make a distinction between excitement and enjoyment as they are equally important factors with slightly different backgrounds in recreational fear.

The role of fear, disgust, and relevant experience in the assessment of stimuli associated with blood-injury-injection phobia.

Individuals with high levels of blood-injection-injury (BII) fears are more likely to avoid health screenings, vaccination, and even minor medical interventions. This could result in more serious health issues, lower quality of life, and even shorter life expectancy. However, still little is known about how various emotions (i.e., fear and disgust) affect subjective evaluation on phobia-related stimuli, and what are the potential risk and protective factors that may change the perception of such stimuli throughout these emotions. We investigated the role of fear of medical interventions and the degree of disgust sensitivity in the evaluation of BII phobia-related content and whether previous relevant experience and age may provide protection against the development of a phobia. We collected online survey data from multiple university sources. Participants (N = 228) completed measures of medical fear, disgust sensitivity, prior relevant experience and medical knowledge. Participants were also asked to rate images related to medical settings on dimensions of valence, arousal, disgust, and threat. Our results suggest that high disgust sensitivity and fear of medical interventions may be a risk factor for avoiding medical settings. However, previous relevant medical experience may function as protective factor. The pandemic of recent years underscored the importance of medical intervention and screening tests. These results have implications for professionals helping (e.g., as counselors) people with BII phobia, and physicians and nurses in informing and treating patients.